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IELTS Writing Task 1
Tổng hợp record LIVESTREAM và bài mẫu IELTS Writing của anh Phạm Minh Khoa
YouPass được lập nên bởi đội ngũ trung tâm IELTS 1984, chuyên dạy IELTS theo hướng học bản chất và tiến bộ tiếng Anh thực chất, theo hình thức Offline lại lớp và Online qua Google Meet.
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Some people think that the increasing use of computers and mobile phones for communication has a negative effect on young people’s reading and writing skills. Do you agree or disagree?
One reason for this is that people today have access to new forms of media such as audio content or video summaries of books in addition to many forms of entertainment,,, all of which could attract people away from reading a full book or newspaper. The decline in exposure to written language could result in a subsequent decline in literacy skills.
Modern technological devices enable people to be exposed to written material with a wide variety of topics. This helps people pick up new words and thus allows them to use more accurate language in their writing. This, in combination with them gaining deeper insights about multiple fields, helps them better understand related articles and books in the future.
Today, there are many tasks at home or work that have been done by robots. Is this a positive or negative development?
Positive
One benefit is that robots can replace people in doing repetitive tasks, thus saving their time and effort, which could be used for other more important purposes. A case in point is that robots such as automatic vacuums can sweep the floor and even mop it, which gives workers and students more time to relax after their work and studies.
Negative
Robots can drive manual laborers out of the workforce as these machines make such jobs redundant. This could result in mass layoffs, causing many to lose their source of income, which could deprive them of their ability to cover basic expenses.
Giải đề Reading: Alexander Henderson (1831-1913)
Giải đề thi Speaking - Đề thi tháng 3
Giải đề thi Speaking - Đề thi tháng 3
Giải đề Reading: The Step Pyramid of Djoser
Từ vựng tả dạng Line Graph
Some people think that shops should not be allowed to sell any food or drink that has scientifically been proven to have bad effects on people’s health. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Body 1: Agree -> some reasons why we should ban them
- Supporting idea: health
While some might claim that this ban is effective, I believe this view // policy is short-sighted // falls short in practice. The main reason for such a ban is that it could prevent people eating these harmful foods, and thus stop them from developing diseases such as obesity and cardiovascular issues. A case in point is fast food, as consuming these fatty and carb-heavy dishes can lead to an excessive intake of calories, causing weight gain and associated issues. While on paper, this policy can help to protect people’s health, in reality it can be difficult to come to a scientific consensus regarding whether a food or drink is actually harmful to one’s well-being. This is because most of them can be harmful if over consumed, but are mostly harmless if they are consumed in moderation. Therefore, such a ban would only prevent foods and beverages that contain harmful chemicals while the majority of so-called unhealthy options would still be sold.
Body 2: Disagree -> I think we should not ban
Some people think that newly built houses should follow the style of old houses in local areas. Others think that people should have freedom to build houses of their own style. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
Body 1: xây nhà mới => theo kiểu cũ
The main reason for preserving an area’s architectural style is that it helps to conserve the place’s local culture and traditions. This is beneficial because it can help attract more tourists to the area, thus boosting the local economy. A case in point is the ancient town of Hoi An in Vietnam, which is world-renowned for its long streets with old buildings from the seventeenth century, drawing in tourists from all over the world. If new homes were built in a complete different style in such a place, it would lose its distinct features. This could result in a decline in tourism, which could lead to further difficulties for locals as they mainly rely on tourist activities for their main source of income.
Giải đề IELTS Reading Cùng Thầy Phạm Minh Khoa
Giải đề writing task 1 dạng process
🌿 Luyện viết đề này với YouPass Writing AI tại:https://e-learning.youpass.vn/practice/writing-task-1/3390
In their advertising, businesses nowadays usually emphasise that their products are new in some way. Why is this? Do you think it is a positive or negative development?
It is increasingly common for brands to advertise their products as being novel in some way. There are many reasons for this phenomenon, and I believe that the merits of this trend depend on the real value of the product
Businesses’ emphasis on their products being new in some way stems from many factors. The most important one is the increase in the number of brands producing the same product, so novelties are required for companies to stay competitive. A case in point is the smartphone market, which is full of visually-similar devices with nearly the same functions and features. Therefore, to stand out and attract more buyers, companies such as Apple have prioritized advertising so-called innovative designs such as a physical camera button on their smartphones. Another reason is that for established businesses making only a few core products, a failure to attract new customers as well as retain old ones means losing their relevance to other brands. Because of this, brands such as Coca-Cola release limited edition flavors for their drinks yearly in order to create publicity and promote sales.
I believe that this shift in priority can be both beneficial and harmful depending on whether the new features actually offer value to consumers. Regarding products with novel features that do not greatly improve user experience, such marketing can influence buyers to purchase new items that they do not actually need due to the fear of missing out. Looking at the aforementioned Apple example, although a dedicated camera button can be convenient, this feature had already existed, and it is not worth the extra cost. With regard to new items with real value, they can provide users with a new experience while also raising brand awareness for the company, thus boosting their sales. For example, food companies that launch new flavors for their products enable consumers to enjoy exotic tastes while creating publicity for themselves.
In conclusion, there are multiple reasons why businesses choose to focus on promoting new features in their products. In my opinion, this is a positive development when such products bring actual value to consumers, and it is harmful if these new features are purely for marketing purposes.
🌿 Luyện viết đề này với YouPass Writing AI tại: https://e-learning.youpass.vn/practice/writing-task-2/3451
Giải đề Reading: The Origin of Ancient Writing
The graph shows oil production capacity for several Gulf countries between 1990 and 2010. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant
In 1990, Iraq, Kuwait, and the UAE all produced around two million barrels of oil every day each. After 20 years, the oil production capacity of these countries rose to around four million barrels per day.
🌿 Luyện viết đề này với YouPass Writing AI tại: https://e-learning.youpass.vn/practice/writing-task-1/3195
The bar chart below shows the percentage of Australian men and women in different age groups who did regular physical activity in 2010. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant
In 2010, just over half of women between 35 and 64 took exercise regularly, while the figures for men in the same age groups ranged from 39% up to 45%.
🌿 Luyện viết đề này với YouPass Writing AI tại: https://e-learning.youpass.vn/practice/writing-task-1/3187
The table below shows the percentage of employers in various sectors having difficulty in finding staff in 2003 and 2004. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
In 2003, around 42% of employers in building and services had difficulty in finding skilled workers, and in 2004, thefigures for both sectors rose to 45%. Meanwhile, the percentage(s) of employers in manufacturing and commerce who found it hard to find such workers stood at about 46% in 2003. After one year, recruiters in manufacturing and commerce saw an increase and decrease of 6%, respectively || in that order.
Approximately 27% of employers in manufacturing encountered hardship in finding unskilled workers in both years, compared to around a fifth of those in building and commerce with the same problem. The percentage of recruiters in the services sector who could not find this type of worker increased from 20% in 2003 to 29% in 2004.
Employers in the building sector found it easier to recruit technical and managerial staff over the given period, with their figures declining from 14% down to 10%. Meanwhile, the proportion of recruiters in the remaining fields with this problem stood at 8% or less in both years.
🌿 Luyện viết đề này với YouPass Writing AI tại: https://e-learning.youpass.vn/practice/writing-task-1/3174
The table compares the international tourist arrivals in millions in 9 countries in 2009 and 2010 and the changes (in percentages). Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
In both years, France welcomed 76 million tourist arrivals. Meanwhile, in 2009, 66 million tourists came to the US, while thenumber of tourists visiting Spain and the UK were equal, at 55 million each, and the figure for Italy was 44 million. After one year, tourist numbers in these four countries rose by around one million each, which represented // corresponded to // was equivalent to growths of between 1.5% and 3.6%.
🌿 Luyện viết đề này với YouPass Writing AI tại: https://e-learning.youpass.vn/practice/writing-task-1/3153
The increase in the production of consumer goods results in damage to the natural environment. What are the causes of this? What can be done to solve this problem?
Idea: Ô nhiễm
- As more consumer goods are produced, more industrial waste is released into the environment, often untreated. This causes severe air, water, and land pollution.
Development: Reason
- Tốn tiền: This lack of treatment happens because installing and maintaining a waste treatment system requires a lot of funding, which could reduce their profit margins, thus discouraging them from doing so.
- Thiếu chính sách quản lý chặt chẽ: This lack of treatment happens because many developing countries often neglect implementing strict environmental regulations to attract more companies to establish their factories there in order to boost economic growth.
The best way to solve the world’s environmental problems is to increase the cost of fuel for cars and other vehicles. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Idea: Lợi của việc tăng giá xăng dầu
- A price hike could discourage people from using their private vehicles.
Development: Impact
- This could help tackle air pollution as = because there would be less carbon emissions from these vehicles, which are the main contributors to the greenhouse effect.
In many countries, plastic shopping bags are the main source of rubbish, causing pollution on land and in the water. So, many people believe that plastic bags should be banned. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Idea: Hại của túi nylon
- Other waste: plastic bags => water contamination => One drawback of plastic bags is that they can cause the deaths of many aquatic creatures.
=> Reason: This is because many animals might get stuck // tangled in them, hindering // restricting their movements eventually leading to their deaths, or some (of them) might even mistake such bags for food, thus accidentally ingesting // swallowing them, which could cause blockages in their digestive systems and suffocate them.
- bãi rác (landfills) => đổ rác ở đó (dump waste there) => từ từ phân hủy (it slowly breaks down) -> rò rỉ các hóa chất độc hại vào môi trường xung quanh (leak toxic chemicals into the surrounding environment)
Many plastic bags end up in landfills, where if they are incinerated, it could produce harmful emissions. By contrast, if left untreated, these bags can photodegrade and leak toxic microplastics into the surrounding soil, which could obstruct plants from absorbing nutrients and water from the earth, causing them to die.
Some people think that it is worth researching different minerals in space. Others, however, disagree. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Idea: Lợi của việc khai thác khoáng sản ngoài vũ trụ => help prevent overexploitation on earth => reduce the associated issues, namely the extinction of many species, which happens due to habitat loss resulting from mining activities.
Giải đề IELTS Reading cùng thầy Khoa nhé!
Topic: As housing is a basic need for people, the government should provide free housing for everyone who cannot afford it. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
The advantages of free housing are far more significant. [One of them is that] poor people may have opportunities to focus on education and their careers. [As a result,] they may use their savings money from free accommodations to improve their working capacity. [In the long run,] they can find a job with a better salary and become more independent. [Beyond that || Regarding society || The second benefit is that], this practice reduces homelessness, crime rates, and social inequality. [This is because] when people have a stable place to live, they are less likely to join criminal activities to survive. Additionally, families who once lived in poverty now have the opportunity to improve their social mobility and break the cycle of inequality, creating a more balanced society overall.
==================================
Building free houses brings far more disadvantages to national budgets and promote reliance. [Firstly || The first one is that || Regarding the former] it can put a strain on government coffers. [This is because] Establishing and managing a quality housing scheme requires enormous resources, which might lead the national authorities to divert funds from other sectors, such as tax hikes, or reduced social welfare. Regardless of which decision is made, it can result in an imbalance in government spending, seriously affecting the development of the whole economy. [Furthermore, || Beyond that || Another point worth mentioning] it can foster dependence. [This is because // This happens because] homeless people have become accustomed to the support of governing bodies, [thus] deteriorating individuals’ motivation to seek better opportunities to improve their living standards.
====================================
Topic: Many countries import large amounts of food from other parts of the world. Is this a positive or negative development?
However, despite the aforementioned benefit, the negative of importing large quantities of food from other nations far outweighs them. (1) The first one is harming local farmers, (2) as they struggle to compete with cheaper imported goods. As a result, it can lead to unemployment and decline in rural economies. A case in point is THAT // EXAMPLES OF THIS CAN BE SEEN in some Asian countries, WHERE the influx of subsidized foreign crops has undermined local farming communities. Furthermore, the environmental impact of transporting food over long distances is significant, which ➔ AS IT contributes to carbon emissions and climate change. For instance, → THIS IS BECAUSE transporting food by air or sea often involves high levels of fossil fuel consumption, which causes global warming and increases pollution.
Instructions:
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.
The Origin of Paper
The word paper derives from the Greek term for the ancient Egyptian writing material called papyrus. In about 2400 BC, the Egyptians discovered how to make a writing surface out of papyrus, a type of reed that grows along waterways in southern Europe and North Africa. The Egyptians cut the plant into strips which they softened in water. Papyrus was cross-woven into a mat and then pounded into a hard thin sheet.
As the papyrus plant requires subtropical conditions to grow, papyrus was not much used in Europe at that time; instead, the main material used for writing was parchment. This was made from animal skin and was extremely expensive. In fact, it has been estimated that a single book written on parchment required the skins of 300 sheep. The skins had to be specifically prepared by drying them and they were then stretched on a special frame. It is not known when parchment was first introduced, but it was the main writing material in Europe for hundreds of years.
Paper, which is made from pulp, rags, and fibers of plants, seems to have been invented in China and is considered to be one of the Four Great Inventions of Ancient China. In 105 AD, under the Han Dynasty emperor Ho-Ti, a government official in China named Ts'ai Lun was the first to start a papermaking industry. Ts'ai Lun seems to have made his paper by mixing finely chopped mulberry bark and hemp rags with water, mashing the mixture flat with a stone mortar, and then pressing out the water and letting it dry in the sun. He may have based his idea on bark cloth, which was very common in China and also made from mulberry.
Previously, during the Shang (1600-1050 BC) and Zhou (1050-256 BC) dynasties of Ancient China, documents were ordinarily written on bone or bamboo (on tablets or on bamboo strips sewn and rolled together into scrolls), making them very heavy and awkward to transport. The light material of silk was sometimes used, but was normally too expensive to consider. When it was first invented, paper was used for purposes of wrapping or padding protection for delicate bronze mirrors. Although paper used for writing became popular by the 3rd century AD, it continued to be used for wrapping and other purposes.
During the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) paper was folded and sewn into square bags to preserve the flavor of tea. During the same period, according to a written account, tea was served from baskets with multi-colored paper cups and paper napkins of different sizes and shapes. During the Chinese Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD) not only did the government produce the world's first known printed paper money, or banknote, but paper money bestowed as gifts was wrapped in special paper envelopes.
Paper spread slowly outside of China; other Asian cultures, even after seeing paper, could not make it themselves. Instruction in the manufacturing process was required, and the Chinese were reluctant to share their secrets. It made its true push westward in 751 AD when the Tang Dynasty was at war with the Islamic world. During a battle on the banks of the Tarus river, a Chinese caravan was captured which happened to include several papermakers. They were taken away to Samarkand, which was a good place to make paper because it had an abundant supply of hemp and flax.
Samarkanders changed the technology of manufacturing paper. They began to prepare it in stone mills and Samarkand became an important papermaking center.
The rudimentary and laborious process of papermaking was refined and bulk manufacturing of paper began in Iran, where they invented a method to make a thicker sheet of paper, which helped transform papermaking from an art into an important business.
Gradually papermakers made their way further west through the Arab world - to Baghdad, Damascus and Cairo. Finally, when the Moors from North Africa invaded Spain and Portugal they brought the technology with them and so it was that papermaking entered Europe in the 12th century.
In Europe, the preferred medium for the artists and literati of the time was still the smooth and lustrous parchment. The notion of paper being used as a practical everyday item did not occur until the 15th century when Johannes Gutenberg perfected movable type printing, which included the use of metal molds and alloys, a special press, and oil-based inks, allowing the mass production of printed books. The birth of the modern paper and printing industry is commonly marked from this date.
Printing technology rapidly developed and created an ever-increasing demand for paper. The early European papers were made from recycled cotton and linen - and a huge trade quickly developed around the trading of old rags. It is said that the disease known as 'the Black Death' entered England from Europe on these old rags. Yet soon this source became insufficient and some curious attempts were made to find new materials. Experiments with fibers such as straw, cabbage, wasp nests and finally wood, resulted in inexpensive - and replaceable - materials for papermaking. Today, the long soft fibers of softwoods such as spruce have become the most suitable source of pulp for the mass production of paper.
Questions 1 - 7
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
1 - In Ancient China, writing was occasionally done on silk.
2 - Coloured paper was invented during the Tang Dynasty.
3 - Papermakers from Samarkand were captured by the Chinese.
4 - Papermaking as a large-scale industry originated in Iran.
5 - Papermaking skills were brought to Europe via North Africa.
6 - When Gutenberg invented movable type, paper materials were very expensive.
7 - The end of the trade in rags was brought about by the difficulty of transporting them.
Questions 8 - 13:
Complete the table below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.
The development of paper
| Place | Date of introduction | Materials used | Method of production |
| Egypt | about 2400 BC | a plant called papyrus | 8.......... of the plant were softened in water, woven and pounded |
| Europe | unknown | parchment made from the skin of animals such as 9.......... | skin was dried and 10.......... |
| China | 105 AD | 11.......... of a mulberry tree and hemp rags | ingredients were mixed with water, pressed and put outside in the sun |
| 12.......... | 751 AD | flax and hemp | mills made of 13......... used were |
1 - TRUE
2 - NOT GIVEN
3 - FALSE
4 - TRUE
5 - TRUE
6 - NOT GIVEN
7 - FALSE
8 - strips
9 - sheep
10 - stretched
11 - Bark
12 - Samarkand
13 - Stone
The table compares the international tourist arrivals in millions in 9 countries in 2009 and 2010 and the changes (in percentages). Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
- 76 million tourists went to France in 2009.
- The US welcomed 66 million tourists in 2009, while the figure for the UK stood at 55 million.
- The number of tourists travelling to Spain was 55 million in 2009, while the figure for the UK stood at 55 million.
- There were 55 million tourists going to the UK in 2009.
The chart below shows the proportion of survey respondents that showed interest in particular sports in the UK. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
- 42% of survey respondents enjoyed football.
- Swimming attracted 22% of respondents.
- (People who preferred) swimming accounted for 22% of respondents.
- The percentage of people who liked rugby was 25%.
The table compares the international tourist arrivals in millions in 9 countries in 2009 and 2010 and the changes (in percentages). Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
- 76 million tourists went to France in 2009, while the figure for the US was 66 million.
- 76 million tourists went to France in 2009, which was 10 million more // higher than the figure for the US.
- 76 million tourists went to France in 2009, compared to the US’s 66 million.
The graph shows the value in US dollars (in millions of dollars) of investment in funds of four categories from 1988 to 2014. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
1. The number / amount / percentage + increased
The amount of money invested in property increased from just over 50 million in 1988 to nearly 200 million in 2014.
2. Noun (property): Property + saw an increase in something
Property is expected to see an increase in value from just over 50 million in 2088 to nearly 200 million in 2114.
Video games are having an adverse effect on the people who play them. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
I would argue that the benefits (of playing video games) are outweighed by the drawbacks. Gaming (This form of entertainment) can be highly addictive because users (children/youngsters/adolescents) are constantly given scores, new targets and frequent rewards to keep them playing. Many children now spend hours each day trying to progress through the levels of a game or to get a higher score than their friends. This type of addiction can have effects ranging from lack of sleep to problems at school, when homework is sacrificed for a few more hours on the computer or console. The rise in obesity in recent years has also been linked in part to the sedentary lifestyle and lack of exercise that often accompany gaming addiction.
- Many people have a habit of eating fast- food. However, doing so can harm our health.
- Many children play video games for over eight hours a day. This can be harmful to the eyesight of the children who do so.
- Regularly eating junk food can harm our health because it contains a lot of fats and carbohydrates
- Young people have a tendency to (= tend to) spend a lot of time surfing the Internet.
- Being an accountant is not a promising job in most countries. However, for some, this line of work may give them a chance to get a permanent resident card in more developed countries, where there is a shortage of workers in this occupation.
- My boyfriend majored in engineering and I’ve always told him to study English so that he can climb the career ladder more quickly in this major // field.
- Cars are very popular in my home country Vietnam but they // this means of transport // this type of transport // this type of vehicle are causing serious air pollution in virtually all big cities here.
- Smartphones are very popular because by having this device // this gadget in their pocket, users can enjoy a lot of entertaining content on the Internet.
- Travelling helps people extend and deepen their knowledge about other places. However, doing so // this practice may sometimes cause tensions between locals and travelers due to cultural differences.
- The Internet offers a host of benefits for users. Firstly, you can find a lot of information on the Internet // online about a variety of different topics. This practice allows everyone with a connection to learn about anything anywhere and anytime they want. Secondly, the Internet // this technological advancement allows us to keep in touch with our friends and family by providing us free audio and video calls.
- Attending university allows students to be more qualified for their future jobs, as attending university // THIS PRACTICE // DOING SO // GOING TO UNIVERSITY // PURSUING HIGHER EDUCATION lets students completely master certain skills.
- Admittedly, studying abroad may bring about certain disadvantages. One of them is that studying abroad // DOING SO // THIS PRACTICE // STUDYING OVERSEAS // SPENDING TIME IN ANOTHER COUNTRY FOR EDUCATION can be quite expensive, as the cost of living can be significantly higher than that of the student’s home country.
- A major downside to living in a big city is that traffic congestion happens frequently. This is a problem because traffic congestion // JAMS // GETTING STUCK IN TRAFFIC // THIS PHENOMENON // IT cause(S) a lot of noise and air pollution, affecting the health of people in traffic. Traffic congestion // THIS ISSUE // GETTING HELD UP DURING RUSH HOUR also makes people waste their time going to or returning from work and school.
- To combat the rapid spread of the c.o.r.o.n.avirus, governments worldwide have imposed mandatory lockdowns. While lockdowns // THIS PRACTICE // THIS POLICY do(ES) help to lower the number of infected cases, lockdowns // THEY do cause some people to develop mental health problems due to isolation. Lockdowns // Forcing people to stay home can also affect the livelihoods of many lower-class citizens, thereby affecting the economy.
Topic: Today, there are many tasks at home or work that have been done by robots. Is this a positive or negative development?
Positive: One benefit is that people no longer have to do the household chores anymore, which not only saves people’s time but it also means that such chores are completed more effectively. As a result, those with robots can use this time for other more important activities such as education.
Negative: One drawback is that robots will replace many workers, especially those who do manual labor. In the short term, this means that these workers will lose their source of income, and thus they will not be able to afford their basic needs. In the long run, as such workers’ specialty is manual work, it will become increasingly difficult to find new jobs if they are all automated.
🌿 Luyện viết đề này với YouPass Writing AI tại: https://e-learning.youpass.vn/practice/writing-task-2/3341
Topic: Young people are leaving their homes from rural areas to study or work in the cities. Do advantages of this development outweigh its disadvantages?
Positive: One benefit is that due to greater levels of investment from the government, schools and universities in big cities are equipped with modern facilities, including projectors, laboratories, and computers, so the quality of education in cities tend to be better compared to the countryside. This allows graduates to have higher qualifications, helping them find better jobs.
Negative: One drawback is that living expenses in large cities tend to be much higher compared to those in rural areas, as too many people flock to urban areas, leading to overpopulation while supplies cannot meet this growing demand. Therefore, people moving to cities may face many financial issues, taking away focus from their initial purpose of work and studies.
🌿 Luyện viết đề này với YouPass Writing AI tại: https://e-learning.youpass.vn/practice/writing-task-2/3359
Topic: Advertisements are becoming more and more common in our everyday life. Is it a positive or negative development?
Negative: One drawback is that advertisements are annoying for viewers because they disrupt the viewing experience. YouTube is a good example of this, as to watch videos on this platform, users sometimes have to watch completely irrelevant advertisements, which may even be unskippable, forcing watchers to wait thirty seconds before enjoying a video.
🌿 Luyện viết đề này với YouPass Writing AI tại:https://e-learning.youpass.vn/practice/writing-task-2/2153
The maps show an art gallery in Australia in 1950 and now
Introduction: The maps give information about an Australian art gallery as it was in 1950 and how it looks now.
Overview: Overall, there have not been many changes (that have been) made to the art gallery, with the exception of the division of the courtyard at the back of the gallery into three different rooms for art.
The maps below show a town centre in 1990 and the same town centre today. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Introduction: The maps give information about the centre of a town as it was in 1990 and how it looks now.
Overview: Overall, there have been many changes made to the town centre to urbanize it. Among them, the most significant ones are the merging of the shops in the northwest corner of the centre into a shopping mall and the renovation // replacement of the houses in the south into new apartment blocks.
The plans show a school library 5 years ago and the same library now. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Introduction: The maps give information about a school library as it was five years ago and how it looks now.
Overview: Overall, the layout of the library has been rearranged significantly in order to add more facilities to accommodate students with laptops.
The diagram below shows how oil is extracted in the production of perfume. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
Introduction: The diagram gives information about the process of extracting oil during perfume production.
Overview: Overall, there are multiple // four steps in this process, starting with water being boiled and ending with essential oils being separated from aromatic water.
The diagram below shows the recycling process of aluminium cans. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Introduction: The diagram gives information about how aluminium cans are recycled in the UK.
Overview: Overall, there are seven steps in the recycling process of aluminium cans, starting with used cans being thrown away and ending with the recycled cans being reused.
Throughout history, people have dreamed of living in a perfect society, but they have not agreed on what an ideal society would be like. What do you think is the most important element of a perfect society in the modern world? How can we work towards achieving an ideal society?
Opinions are divided on what the most vital aspect of an ideal society is, and what can be done to reach this goal. In my opinion, there are two important elements that all great societies must have, which require action from governments and families to achieve.
I believe that freedom and equality are two of the most important elements in a utopia. Regarding the former, all citizens should have the right to pursue whatever field they want as when people are passionate about their job, it is more likely for them to put their whole effort into it. If everyone in the society worked with passion, its productivity would increase massively. With regard to equality, everyone should have equal access to education in order to maximize their potential. As a result, society would have more intellectual stars such as Albert Einstein or Isaac Newton, helping it develop faster and better.
I think that the government and families need to join hands in order to establish the perfect society. From the authorities’ perspective, they should adopt a universal basic income policy to provide citizens with enough money to meet their basic needs. This is important because without financial worries, residents can allocate more of their time and effort to pursuing education and their careers,helping them reach their personal goals. Beyond that, families play a crucial role in raising well-rounded future citizens. In other words, parents should take a more proactive role in teaching their children to not take the aforementioned policy for granted, as well as other important morals such as altruism and compassion.
In conclusion, freedom and equality are the two most important elements in the perfect society. In addition, to reach this ideal state, the government and families must take several steps to ensure that everyone has enough financial stability and good morals.
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Some people believe that when designing a building, the most important thing to be considered is the function rather than the outward appearance. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Opinions are divided on whether the most crucial factor to be considered when constructing a building is its function rather than its exterior design.
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Nowadays, a growing number of people with health problems are trying alternative medicines and treatments instead of visiting their usual doctor. Do you think this is a positive or a negative development?
It is increasingly common for the sick to use alternative medicines and treatments rather than seeking medical experts.
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In many countries nowadays, consumers can go to a supermarket and buy food produced all over the world. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?
It is easy in many countries for shoppers to purchase food from many different nations at their local supermarket.
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It is important for everyone, including young people, to save money for their future. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Opinions are divided on whether it is essential for everybody, even the young, to set money aside for the long term.
It is important for people to take risks, both in their professional lives and their personal lives. Do you think the advantages of taking risks outweigh the disadvantages?
Opinions are divided on whether risk-taking in one’s career and their private life is more beneficial or harmful.
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Young people are leaving their homes from rural areas to study or work in the cities. What are the reasons? Do advantages of this development outweigh its disadvantages?
It is common for the young generation to move away from their hometown in the countryside to cities for their studies and career.
Throughout history, people have dreamed of living in a perfect society, but they have not agreed on what an ideal society would be like. What do you think is the most important element of a perfect society in the modern world? How can we work towards achieving an ideal society?
Opinions are divided on what the most vital aspect of an ideal society is, and what can be done to reach this goal.
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The pie charts below show the comparison of different kinds of energy production of France and Germany in 2020. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The pie charts give information about the percentage of power from 6 different energy sources in France and Germany in 2020.
Overall, the majority of energy in France and Germany was produced from solar and gas. In addition, Germany was more reliant on fossil fuels compared to France.
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The pie charts below show the age groups of the users on different social media platforms in Australia in 2011. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make a comparison where relevant.
The pie charts give information about the percentage of users in five different age brackets on F.a.c.e.b.o.o.k, Y.o.u.T.u.b.e. and T.w.i.t.t.e.r. in Australia in 2011.
Overall, the majority of users on all platforms were between 18 and 49, while those 65 and over made up the smallest proportion. In addition, all three social media sites had similar age distributions.
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The bar chart below shows the amount of money invested in each category from five organisations. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The bar chart gives information about how much money is spent on four categories by five different organisations.
Overall, organisation B invests the most money in the mentioned categories while organisation D allocates the least. In addition, building and staff training are the highest priorities for the majority of cited organisations.
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The graph shows the value in US dollars (in millions of dollars) of investment in funds of four categories from 1988 to 2014. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The line graph gives information about how much money was invested in four different categories in the US between 1988 and 2014.
Overall, investments into all categories rose throughout the period, and after 2006, except for company shares, all saw more significant growths. In addition, while company shares had the largest investment for the majority of the period, the highest amount of money was allocated to gold by the end of the period.
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The table below shows the results of surveys of people in the UK, carried out in three different decades. It shows the percentages of people who said they were interested in certain sports. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make a comparison where relevant.
The table gives information about the proportions of UK residents who took an interest in six different sports in 1990, 2000, and 2010
Overall, all sports maintained their popularity throughout the two decades, with the exception of rugby, which saw the greatest increase in popularity. In addition, football was the most popular sport as the majority of people in the UK liked it
Looking at the table in more detail, most people in the UK were interested in football in the three years, at between 55% and 60%, while golf was half as popular as this sport, with around a quarter of people surveyed liking it. Meanwhile, rugby massively gained in popularity, from only having 12% of people mentioning it in 1990 to 24% in 2010.
Regarding the remaining sports, in 1990, swimming was slightly more liked than cricket, with respective figures of 15% and 12%. In the following years, the former sport became more popular, with 18% of people citing it in 2000, after which its prevalence fell to 16% in 2010. Meanwhile, the percentage taking an interest in cricket remained relatively unchanged, finishing the period at 14%. Finally, Judo was the least attractive sport in all three years, and its figures halved from 9% to 4% between 1990 and 2010.
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The graph below shows the average time spent by four car manufacturers to produce vehicles at their US factories. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
The line graph gives information about how much time it took for four car manufacturers in the US to produce cars on average between 1998 and 2005.
Overall, average car production time decreased across all companies over the given period. In addition, the time disparity between these manufacturers became less pronounced at the end of the period, with Toyota and Honda being the fastest producers for most of the period.
Regarding the most efficient manufacturers, in 1998, both Toyota and Honda spent just under a day producing cars on average. In the following years, Toyota saw relatively little improvement in their production times until 2004, when they fell to just 20 hours per car at the end of the period. By contrast, Honda managed to reach this efficiency earlier in 1999, also taking just 20 hours to produce their cars, before gradually becoming slower even taking 24 hours to produce a car in 2002, after which production times fell back to 20 hours per car in 2005.
With regard to the remaining companies, at the start of the period, General Motors took longer on average to manufacture cars compared to Ford, at 32 hours and 28 hours respectively. Thereafter, the former company improved its production line, and in 2005, it only took 22 hours for this company to assemble a car. Meanwhile, Ford’s production times rose to 31 hours in 2001, followed by a sharp decline to just 21 hours per car at the end of the period.
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Some people believe the government should spend money on building train and subway lines to reduce traffic congestion. Others think that building more and wider roads is the better way to reduce traffic congestion. Discuss both views and give your own opinion
Opinions are divided on whether money should be spent on constructing railway and subway networks or on expanding and broadening current roads. Although the latter view can be beneficial in theory, I believe that the former is more impactful in practice.
While expanding road networks may seem like an effective solution, this approach faces many significant practical limitations. That is to say, doing so could accommodate growing vehicle numbers in large cities and maintain smooth traffic flow. However, in densely populated urban areas, road widening requires demolishing existing buildings, making it financially and socially impractical. Moreover, even if city planners could overcome these physical constraints, wider roads fail to address the fundamental cause of poor urban planning, characterized by long streets with frequent intersections. Regardless of a road’s width, intersections create unavoidable bottlenecks where vehicles must stop, leading to congestion.
I believe that investing in the development of rail and subway infrastructure is a better solution to reduce traffic jams. When public transit systems are reliable and convenient, they can attract residents away from private vehicles, reducing overall traffic volume. In the long run, this approach can significantly decrease the frequency and the severity of traffic jams. Beyond that, unlike road widening projects, railway and subway networks can be more seamlessly integrated into the existing urban landscape by utilizing the space above and below current infrastructure. This strategy is not only more cost-effective but also minimizes disruption during construction, as streets remain partially operational rather than facing complete closure, which would otherwise worsen short-term traffic problems.
In conclusion, I think that money should be allocated to the development of new railway and subway lines to tackle traffic-related issues, as increasing the number of roads or making them wider is not a practical approach.
The charts below show changes in the proportion of energy produced from different resources in a country in 1985 and 2003.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The pie charts give information about the percentage of electricity generated from six different sources in a particular country in 1985 and 2003.
Overall, this country shifted from producing energy using natural gasses and nuclear materials to oil, coal, and other renewable sources, while hydrogen saw little change in usage between 1985 and 2003. In addition, natural gasses were the most common way to make energy in this country in both years.
Looking at the major energy sources, the majority of energy in this country was produced from natural gasses in 1985, at 52%, which then fell to just under 40% in 2003. Next, around a tenth of the country’s electricity was generated from coal and oil each in 1985, and the figures for these sources each rose to approximately 22% in the latter year. The proportion of energy from nuclear power decreased by two-thirds from 22% to just 8% between the two years. It increased threefold from … to … It tripled from … to …
With regard to the remaining resources, other renewable sources witnessed a slight increase in utilization from 1% in 1985 to 4% in 2003. Finally, hydrogen power accounted for the smallest percentage of 4% of the total energy in this country in both years.
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The plans below show a bookstore in 2000 and the bookstore now.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The maps give information about the layout of a bookstore as it was in 2000 and how it looks currently.
Overall, there have been many changes made to the floor plan of the bookstore, among which, the most notable are the replacement of the bookshelves in the middle of the store with facilities catering to sit-down customers, namely new tables and a coffee counter.
Upon entering the bookstore, visitors were immediately greeted with a table for new books and a service desk to their right, both of which still remain there. However, the bookcase on their left, which was and still is used to store travel books, has been slightly expanded. on the right side of the bookstore, there used to be a shelf for non-fiction titles, which has been replaced by a cafe. Visitors can now find such books on the far-left shelf of the bookstore, which used to house works of fiction.
Further into the bookstore, in 2000, there were three parallel bookcases for titles related to cookery, hobbies, and art from left to right respectively. These bookcases have been replaced by three tables, with four chairs each and visitors can now find books of the aforementioned genres located on a shelf along the left wall of the bookstore, which used to be dedicated to fiction books exclusively.
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Everyone should stay at school until 18 years old. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Opinions are divided on whether all students should finish their high school education. In my opinion, the answer depends on the type of student.
On the one hand, I believe that there are some students that could benefit from dropping out early. One group is those who are severely underperforming, as they may be overwhelmed by the curriculum, which may involve learning over ten subjects. Meanwhile, by dropping out early, they can pursue vocational training, which might be better suited to their skillset. Regarding underprivileged students, even if such students can afford a high school education, their studies might be ineffective or disrupted if they are unable to pay for extra learning resources. Instead, they could choose to leave school early to get a job, save up money, and potentially return once all their financial worries have been resolved.
On the other hand, I believe that most other students should complete their high school education. One reason is that high school equips students with a fundamental understanding of the subjects that they may encounter when entering university. This enables them to study at university more effectively, helping achieve higher academic results, which ultimately gives them higher qualifications to find well-paid jobs in the future. Beyond that, high schools also teach many soft skills to their students such as critical thinking, teamworking, and discipline. Such skills facilitate students’ future career development and helps them climb the career ladder faster.
In conclusion, while I believe that students who are academically incompetent or are extremely financially disadvantaged can choose to leave high school early, I contend that the majority of students should still finish high school.
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The maps below show the changes in a town after the construction of a hydroelectric power dam. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The maps give information on a town as it was 1990 and how it looked by 2010 after a hydroelectric dam had been built there.
Overall, this area had undergone massive changes, with the largest one being the construction of new electricity-generating infrastructure replacing the natural landscape there.
In 1990, the town, consisting of villages and irrigated farmland, was located on the eastern bank of the river, between two mountain ranges to the north and south. Along the other side of the river, there were forests, ancient structures, and rare animals and birds from north to south.
By 2010, a hydroelectric dam had been constructed in the middle of a river, leading to the formation of a lake, which replaced the forest and ancient structures there in 1990. In addition, many electric towers had been built in areas which were used for farming or were the habitats of rare wildlife. Finally, although the villages in the town remained unchanged, a new hotel was added to their north.
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Nations should spend more money on skills and vocational training for practical work, rather than on university education.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Opinions are divided on whether countries should invest more in vocational training or in higher education. In my opinion, the answer depends on where the funds will be allocated and utilized.
On the one hand, I believe that the authorities should invest more in vocational training in rural areas. One reason is that people in these less developed areas tend to face financial hardships, bringing about the need to join the workforce as soon as possible. Because of this, putting funds into developing programs to equip residents there with job skills would be an excellent method to help these people earn a basic and stable income at fast pace. Another reason is that such programs are often shorter and less expensive than university education, enabling those living in the countryside to take part in them despite their lower living standards. In the long run, this would allow citizens in these areas to narrow the wealth gap between urban and rural areas.
On the other hand, I think that investments in university education is more suitable in urban areas. The first reason is that there is a higher concentration of university students in large cities, meaning that further funding here will greatly benefit a large proportion of people. As a result, this would create a more skilled labor force, helping raise the country’s overall productivity and promoting economic development. Beyond that, as many facilities such as research institutes, laboratories, and libraries are already located and well established in the city, improving the quality of university education would enable such institutions to better leverage those resources. The result of this is that better-funded universities can produce more innovations in science and technology, giving the country a competitive edge over other nations.
In conclusion, while I believe that investing in skills and vocational training is more beneficial and should be done for those living in the countryside, I contend that the authorities should spend more money on university education in cities.
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The following table shows the number of people from five European nations living in each other’s countries in 2011.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
The table gives information about how many people from five different European countries resided in each other’s nations in 2011.
Overall, Germany attracted the most immigrants from the five countries, while Poland was the least popular destination. In addition, the Polish immigrated the most while theSpanish did so the least.
Looking first at Britain and Germany, the latter country was home to more total immigrants than the former, at 1.2 million and 1 million respectively. In particular, around half a million Italian and Polish expatriates lived in Germany, while only about 100 thousand British and Spanish ones did so. Regarding the UK, the Poles outnumbered all other expatriate groups, with 550 thousand residing there. Meanwhile, there were just under 300 thousand Germans living inthis country, compared to the Italian community’s 119 thousand and the Spanish community’s 71 thousand.
With regard to the remaining countries, Spain was the next most popular immigration destination, with 861 thousand immigrants, while Italy only welcomed around 200 thousand, and Poland saw the lowest figure ofonly six thousand. In Spain, almost 400 thousand British people resided here in 2011, which was double the number of Germans and Italians, at just under 200 thousand each, and more than four times as high as that of the Polish, at just 86 thousand. Next, there were more than 100 thousand Polish immigrants in Italy, far higher than the figure for Germans, at 42 thousand, whereas just 30 thousand and 20 thousand British and Spanish migrants lived in this country respectively. Finally, Poland had the fewest immigrants among the five countries, with Germans making up the largest proportion at 4,400, while migrants from the remaining countries numbered 800 or fewer.
Concerning the total, the five countries recorded nearly 3.3 million people living in other countries. Among them, Polish immigrants were the most prevalent, at nearly 1.2 million, compared to Italian’s 860 thousand. Meanwhile, there were approximately half a million British and German people living abroad, while the figure for the Spanish was only 200 thousand.
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The diagram below shows the process of making olive oil.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The diagram gives information about how olive oil is manufactured.
Overall, there are 8 stages in the process of producing olive oil, starting with olives being collected and ending with bottles of olive oil being delivered to stores.
In the first step of the process, workers use rakes to harvest olives, which are then stored in vats for 2 to 3 transported on a conveyor belt while days. After that, the olives are simultaneously being washed with cool water, eventually ending up in a large vat. There, they are crushed using hammers before the resulting products are separated, with the olive stones being moved to containers while the olive paste undergoes further processing.
Regarding the latter stages of the process, the olive paste is put into a machine that has a hydraulic press and filter to create olive oil, which is then piped into a centrifuge. Inside this machine, there is a mechanism that spins and separates out the water from the olive oil. In the final steps, the separated oil is bottled before finally being delivered to retail stores.
Nowadays, more people move away from their friends and families for work.
Do advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
It is increasingly common for people to leave their hometown in pursuit oftheir career. Although this practice can bring about certain disadvantages, they are far outweighed by the associated advantages.
Granted, individuals moving away from their friends and family can pose minor issues. One of them is that people who move to big cities for work might not be able to afford their basic needs, as the cost of living in such places is usually expensive.These financial burdens may make it difficult for them to fully concentrate on their work, thus reducing their productivity. Another drawback is that it can cause population issues, especially in large cities. That is to say, many people from rural areas tend to migrate to these places for better job opportunities, causing overpopulation there. As a result, there may not be enough housing for everyone, which leads to a rise in the price of accommodation and potentially an increase in homelessness.
However, despite those drawbacks, this practice brings far more significant benefits. The first one is that it enables everyone to pursue their passion(s), as some jobs may not be available in their hometown. A case in point is that not many technology companies are located in rural areas, but those wanting a job in this sector can still achieve their career ambitions by relocating to a city. Beyond that, well-paid jobs tend to be more common in cities, especially those in developed countries. This is because many multinational businesses, which offer higher salaries, prefer building their headquarters in these places as they offer better access to consumers as well as highly-qualified workers.
In conclusion, while I acknowledge that the practice of moving to other places for work can be somewhat disadvantageous, the advantages in terms of enabling people to pursue their career goals and achieve higher salaries are far more impactful.
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The table below shows the number of visitors in the UK and their average spending from 2003 to 2008. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The table gives information about how many visitors came to the UK and various spending metrics between 2003 and 2008
Overall, there were upward trends in all categories over the given period, with the exception of the average length of stay, which experienced a slight decline.
Looking at the table in more detail, in 2003, 24.715 million visitors went to the UK and spent 11.855 billion pounds in total. In the following years, visitor numbers increased to 32.778 million in 2007 before falling back to 31.880 million by the end of the period. Similarly, total expenditure by tourists steadily rose throughout the years, ending up at 16.323 billion pounds in 2008.
Regarding the remaining metrics, the typical visitor to the UK spent 8.2 nights there while spending 475 pounds at the start of the period. Thereafter, the average spend per visit decreased to 466 pounds in 2004, before recovering and continuing to rise to 511 pounds in 2008. By contrast, the average length of stay of visitors followed the opposite trend, as after it went up to 8.4 nights in 2006, the figures declined to 7.7 nights at the end of the time frame.
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Some people believe that everyone has a right to have access to university education and that governments should make it free for all students no matter what financial background they have.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Opinions are divided on whether governments completely subsidize higher education for all students regardless of their financial background. Although this practice may offer certain benefits, they are far outweighed by the associated drawbacks, so I do not believe they should do so.
Admittedly, making university education completely free for everyone may be somewhat beneficial. Firstly, this policy enables everyone to attend university, thus helping them achieve their full potential. This would lead to a more educated and productive workforce, thereby fostering economic development, as seen in Germany and Scandinavian countries where such a policy has been implemented. Beyond that, as university tuition fees are becoming increasingly unaffordable, government subsidies can alleviate the financial burden on many families, especially those with financial hardships. This would allow them to allocate more money to other essential purposes such as food or healthcare, thus narrowing the wealth gap and creating more social equality.
However, despite those advantages, the drawbacks are far more significant, so this policy should not be implemented. One of them is that easier access to higher education could diminish its value and quality, as it could overwhelm educational institutions with applicants. The surge in university graduates would also create more competition in the job market, thus making it more challenging for them to find employment. Another disadvantage is that providing university-level education for free could cause students to be less motivated to study, as they may take it for granted. As a result, their university years may be spent partying and socializing, thus wasting taxpayer money and making the policy counterproductive.
In conclusion, while I acknowledge that making university education free for all may bring about certain benefits, the disadvantages in terms of reducing education quality and students’ motivation are far more impactful. Therefore, I do not think that the government should enact this policy.
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In many countries nowadays, consumers can go to a supermarket and buy food produced all over the world.Do you think this is a positive or negative development?
It is increasingly common to find imported food products in supermarkets in many nations. In my opinion, this trend has both positive and negative impacts, depending on the different aspects.
On the one hand, importing a lot of food can be beneficial to consumers and economic development. For individuals, it provides a wider variety of choices in groceries, allowing them to access options that were unavailable in their country. This could improve their culinary experiences by enabling them to explore new flavors and ingredients from around the world without physically traveling abroad. Furthermore, the global food trade has significant economic benefits for many nations. This is because it generates employment opportunities throughout the supply chain, allowing countries to sell their local produce globally, while the governments at the place of import can increase their national incomes by imposing tariffs on foreign trade goods.
On the other hand, the greater availability of imported food poses many challenges to the environment and national food security. Regarding the former, the transportation of such goods over long distances by plane or ship requires burning a large amount of fossil fuels, thus contributing to global greenhouse gas emissions. This can worsen the greenhouse effect and eventually lead to detrimental climate change. Beyond that, heavy reliance on external sources for food can cause some countries to become vulnerable to food shortages, especially during global supply chain disruptions. For example, during the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries had to stop their export and import activities in order to stop the spread of the virus, which caused nations that are reliant on others for food to suffer not only from the outbreak but also famines.
In conclusion, while the increased prevalence of imported food can be beneficial for consumers and the economy, it brings about many drawbacks for the environment and a country's food security.
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The graph shows the percentage of people visiting the cinema once a month or more between 1984 to 2003 (4 age groups).
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Nowadays, international tourism is the biggest industry in the world. Unfortunately, international tourism creates tension rather than understanding between people from different cultures.
To what extent do you agree of disagree.
Opinions are divided on whether international tourism causes more misunderstandings and conflicts than understanding among people of different nationalities.
Admittedly, people traveling to different countries can result in certain misunderstandings between tourists and locals. One issue is that some travelers tend to disregard clothing etiquette when visiting sacred places of worship, especially in Asia. In particular, some people often wear short skirts or sleeveless shirts during their visits to pagodas, which, despite seeming harmless, can offend those practicing their religion there. Another potential problem is that some tourists might criticize and ridicule the customs and traditions of the host country. For example, some might feel disgusted when people in certain Asian countries consume a dish called Balut, which is a nearly mature duck embryo, and thus insult the country's cuisine, causing tension between tourists and locals.
However, I believe that these issues rarely occur, and international tourism fosters better understanding between cultures. One reason is that traveling to a country and experiencing its people's way of life firsthand eliminates certain prejudices. For instance, many people hold the belief that those who eat food with their hands tend to be unhygienic, but by visiting cultures where this is the social norm, tourists can easily see that such people often wash their hands thoroughly before each meal. Furthermore, by exploring museums and historical sites in the country, tourists can gain a deeper understanding of that country's history. Consequently, they can avoid misinformation on the internet, and even share accurate information when they return to their home country, thus strengthening mutual understanding.
In conclusion, while I acknowledge that certain issues may arise from international tourism, these are quite uncommon. Therefore, I maintain that this industry fosters greater understanding among different groups of people around the world.
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In many countries, plastic shopping bags are the main source of rubbish, causing pollution on land and in the water. So, many people believe that plastic bags should be banned.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Opinions are divided on whether plastic bags should be banned, as they are a major contributor to pollution on land and in water. Although such bags offer certain advantages, their disadvantages are far more significant, so I believe they should be banned.
Admittedly, there are some minor benefits to using plastic bags. One is that the plastic manufacturing industry employs millions of people across multiple sectors, from oil production to retail. If plastic bags were banned, many companies might face bankruptcy, forcing them to lay off their employees, which would in turn cause these workers to lose their source of income and lower their standard of living. Another benefit is that plastic bags are inexpensive and convenient, as they are easy to manufacture and durable enough to carry multiple items even in harsh weather conditions. A ban on plastic bags would force people to use alternatives, such as paper or canvas bags, which may be more expensive, leaving them with less money for other purchases.
However, despite these advantages, they are far outweighed by the drawbacks, thus warranting a ban. Firstly, many consumers dispose of plastic bags carelessly, and these bags often end up in large landfills. There, this type of waste takes hundreds of years to decompose, and during this process, toxic chemicals leach into the surrounding environment, causing soil contamination. Furthermore, plastic waste is also increasingly prevalent in the oceans due to people's lack of environmental awareness. This is particularly harmful because marine creatures can become entangled in such waste, or accidentally ingest microplastics, leading to digestive problems and ultimately death.
In conclusion, while I acknowledge that plastic bags provide limited benefits, the environmental damage they cause is far more significant. Therefore, I believe plastic bags should be prohibited.
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The pie charts show people’s reasons for immigration to a European country in 2009 and reasons for emigration from a European country in 2009. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The pie charts give information about the reasons why people immigrated to and emigrated from a particular European country in 2009.
Overall, the most popular reasons for people moving to this country were accompanying their family and getting a definite job, while working abroad was the most common reason for emigration.
With regard to reasons related to work or studies, in 2009, 38% of people leaving the country did so in order to work overseas, while the figure for immigrants to this country with the purpose of getting a definite job was 23%. Next, migrants to and from the country who were looking for jobs accounted for around 14%. Regarding studying, the percentage of people moving to this country to do so was double that of people emigrating for the same purpose, at 15% and 7% respectively.
As for the remaining reasons, a quarter of immigrants to this country said that they did so to accompany their family, which was 10% higher than the figure for those who left for the same purpose. People who gave other reasons for their immigration and emigration made up 15% and 23%, respectively. Finally, approximately 5% of people did not provide a specific reason for their migration to and from the country.
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During holidays or weekends, young people spend less time on outdoor activities in the natural environment, such as hiking and mountain climbing. Why? What can be done to encourage them to go out?
Nowadays, it has been observed that young people with adequate free time are still losing interest in outdoor physical activities in natural settings. This concerning trend can be attributed to several social factors, which necessitate a comprehensive response by the government to address it.
Currently, the two main factors contributing to such a tendency are shifting interests and financial barriers. Regarding the former, young individuals nowadays show less interest in natural experiences due to the widespread availability of electronic devices and digital entertainment. Growing up in the Internet age, this demographic has grown accustomed to spending their leisure time staring at screens, leading them to neglect physical activities. For example, across Asia, an alarming number of young people play video games excessively instead of going outdoors. Another reason is that the costs involved can discourage the young generation from engaging in such activities. Traveling to rural areas, purchasing safety gear, or enrolling in classes can be quite costly, which discourages urban residents from taking up activities like hiking or mountaineering.
I believe that several measures can be implemented by governments to address this worrying trend. One of the most effective solutions for the authorities to put forth is leveraging social platforms and collaborating with influential figures. Since young people spend most of their time online, governments can collaborate with social media influencers to create engaging content showcasing the enjoyment that people can experience outdoors and launch trending challenges that encourage young people to explore natural destinations. Another measure worth considering is making such activities more accessible to young individuals. By investing in shuttle services to scenic locations or providing guided nature tours, the authorities can make these activities more attractive and accessible for urban youths.
In conclusion, excessive Internet use and the associated costs heavily contribute to the decline in the popularity of outdoor activities. However, several options, including social media promotion and government support, would be highly effective in reversing this trend.
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Advertisements are becoming more and more common in our everyday life. Is it a positive or negative development?
It is increasingly common for advertisements to appear in our daily lives. Although this form of marketing may have some benefits, they are far outweighed by the significant drawbacks.
Granted, advertising could be somewhat advantageous. Firstly, consumers can get updated on the latest information about new products, and thus find products that best suit their needs. A good example of this is advertisements for smartphones, as these items are visually similar and their features are hard to distinguish, and advertising helps customers choose phones that are suitable for their budget and needs. Another benefit is that companies can boost their sales through effective marketing campaigns. This enables them to expand their business, thereby creating job opportunities for people and helping them to earn a higher income. Beyond that, this increase in revenue also allows companies to reinvest funds into research and development of newer and better products for consumers.
However, the associated drawbacks of advertising are far more significant. The first one is that many advertisements are inserted in the middle of the content, especially during thrilling moments in order to boost engagement. If such interruptions occur in succession, it could cause viewers to become extremely annoyed and hateful towards the advertisements. Regarding consumers' perception of products, many promotional materials often exaggerate the benefits of their products to attract more customers. As a result, people who trust in such content might not only be disappointed when the actual product lacks those features, but they would also lose money.
In conclusion, while I acknowledge advertising can offer some advantages, the disadvantages are far more impactful. For the aforementioned reasons, I contend that this is an overall negative trend.
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The table below illustrates weekly consumption by age group of dairy products in a European country.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
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More people decide to have children later than in the past.
Why do people make this decision? Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
It is increasingly common for people to start a family at a later age compared to the past. This phenomenon stems from multiple factors, and I believe that the benefits outweigh the drawbacks.
There are many reasons why many people delay parenthood. The first reason is that the cost of child-raising is increasingly expensive, so many couples want to achieve financial stability before having children. Doing so later in their careers gives them more time to accumulate wealth and fully provide for their future children. Another reason is that many young people want to focus on their careers. As a result, young people pursue not only university education but also postgraduate degrees and spend many years furthering their careers before settling down. Therefore, having a child early may cause them to postpone the pursuit of their career goals.
While I acknowledge that there may be some challenges, the advantages are more significant. Regarding the former, when women give birth later in their lives, they run a higher risk of facing maternal health problems. While this has admittedly been a major problem in the past, modern medical advancements are able to prevent such issues and enable safer deliveries. Furthermore, delaying childbirth can enable parents to become more experienced and responsible at an older age. This, in addition to their increased wealth, allows parents to provide the best conditions for children, including a high-quality education, thus ensuring their well-rounded development.
In conclusion, people's desires for financial stability and success in their careers are the main causes for them having children later in life than in the past. I believe that although this can be slightly problematic, such issues can be resolved, and the advantages in terms of child-rearing are far more impactful.
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Many people want their country to host an international sporting event. Others believe that international sporting events bring more problems than benefits.Discuss both views and give your opinion.
The three pie charts below show the changes in annual spending by a particular UK school in 1981, 1991 and 2001. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The pie charts give information about the percentage of the school's budget spent on five different categories in 1981, 1991, and 2001.
Overall, the percentage of the budget spent on insurance, teachers' salaries and furniture and equipment rose, while the opposite was the case for resources such as books and other workers' salaries between 1981 and 2001. In addition, in all years, the majority of the budget was allocated to paying salaries, with teachers making up the bigger proportion, whereas insurance was the least significant expenditure.
Regarding categories with increased spending, in 1981, 40% of this school's budget was used to pay teachers' salaries, which increased to 50% in 1991 before falling back to 45% in the final year. Next, in the first year, furniture and equipment accounted for 15%. After a decade, the figures for this category dropped by a third in 1991, and this was followed by a nearly fivefold increase to 23% in 2001. Insurance saw the lowest spending, at around 2% in the first two years, and only witnessed a slight increase to 8% in the final year.
With regard to the remaining categories, there was a steady decrease in the proportion of money spent on other workers' salaries, from 28% in 1981 to just 15% in 2001. Finally, resources such as books saw an upward trend from 15% in the first year to 20% in 1991, after which, their figures halved to just 9% in the final year.
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Once children start school, teachers have more influence on their intellectual and social development. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Opinions are divided on whether teachers exert a greater influence on children's intellectual and social development once they begin their formal education. In my opinion, while teachers may play a vital role in the former type of development, parents are more important in the latter type.
On the one hand, teachers have a substantial impact on how students acquire academic knowledge. One reason is that teachers are trained to accommodate different learning styles, as they can use effective teaching methods to adapt to each student's individual needs. Thanks to this, students are motivated to explore their academic interests, which can foster a lifelong passion for learning. Another reason is that teachers can help facilitate the development of intellectual skills through collaborative group projects involving discussions and debates. Such skills contribute to students' future academic development and aid their acquisition of knowledge.
On the other hand, I think that children's development of social skills is heavily influenced by parents. Firstly, children spend most of their early years with their parents, so most of their social behaviors are developed through mimicking their parents. For example, when parents politely communicate or have respectful interactions with others, children tend to follow suit. Beyond that, only parents can guide children through social situations that are often not encountered at school, thereby bringing about opportunities for children's well-rounded development. One example of this is that children can learn how to resolve conflicts with their siblings or peers through practicing respectful communication, as such situations are often resolved by teachers without involving students.
In conclusion, while teachers can have a more significant impact on the intellectual development of their students, parents provide more value in terms of shaping their children's social skills.
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The best way to solve environmental problems of the world is to increase the cost of fuel. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
Opinions are divided on whether raising the price of fuel is the most effective way to tackle environmental issues. Although this measure may have some advantages, there are much better options to address such problems.
Increasing the price of petrol could bring about certain benefits. One of them is that it can discourage people from using private vehicles and encourage the use of public transport, which could help lower emissions, especially carbon dioxide. This helps combat climate change, as carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas and a major contributor to the greenhouse effect. Beyond that, the transportation of consumer goods also requires fossil fuels, so an increase in their prices could eventually result in consumers paying more for these goods. As a result, people's demand for such goods would decline, leading to less manufacturing, which is a leading cause of air, water, and soil pollution.
On the other hand, there are other solutions that are more effective in addressing environmental problems. One of them is to promote the use of electric vehicles, which can be accomplished by the government by subsidizing such means of transport. These vehicles are better for the environment as the engines powering them are much more energy-efficient compared to gas-powered ones. This, in addition to the ease of controlling emissions from factories compared to all vehicles on the road, makes electric cars and bikes better for the environment. Another alternative is for the government to invest more in research on environmentally friendly fuel sources. This is necessary because this type of research does not provide immediate profits for companies, thus discouraging them from investing in it themselves.
In conclusion, while I acknowledge that an increase in the cost of petrol might be advantageous in some ways, there are far better solutions to address problems regarding the environment, namely promoting the use of electric vehicles and spending more money on research on environmentally friendly sources of fuel. For these reasons, I do not believe that higher fuel prices are the best solution.
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The charts below give information on the location and types of dance classes young people in a town in Australia are currently attending.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The pie chart gives information about where dance classes take place in a particular Australian town, and bar chart shows how many students take part in three different styles of dance classes.
Overall, private studios are the most popular choice for where to organize dance classes. Ballet classes attract the highest number of students under 11, while modern dance classes are the most common among those between 11 and 16.
Regarding the location of dance classes, 48% of dance students take classes at private studios, which is double the figure for school halls after school, at 24%. Next, community halls and other places make up 18%, while the percentage taking place in college studios is 10%.
With regard to dance styles, 600 students under 11 engage in ballet classes, twice as much as the number of people from 11 to 16. There is a similar number of particpants in both age groups who attend tap dancing classes, at around 450. Finally, modern dancing is the least preferred style among those under 11, at 300, which is 220 students fewer than the older age bracket.
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The graph below shows how elderly people in the United States spent their free time between 1980 and 2010.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The line graph gives information about the percentage of U.S. elders who took part in different leisure activities from 1980 to 2010.
Overall, the popularity of all activities rose, with the exception of going to theatre, and going online and hiking saw the largest growth. In addition, watching TV was the most popular pastime.
Looking at the chart in more detail, in 1980, 60% of elders in the US watched TV in their free time, (which was) triple the percentage (of elders) going hiking. In the following decades, the figures for watching TV rose to (a high of) 70% in 2000 before falling back to 65% at the end of the period. Likewise, the popularity of hiking also followed an upward trend, as it surged to 80% in 2010.
Regarding the remaining activities, half of all elderly people in the US went to the theatre in their free time in 1980, while those who read for leisure made up 30%, and only a negligible 5% went online. Thereafter, theatre-going witnessed a decline in popularity to 30% in 1990, (which was) followed by a recovery to 45% at the end of the period. Meanwhile, the percentage of elders reading fluctuated in an upward trend, ending up at 60% in 2010. In terms of going online, there was a slight increase in its popularity to 15% by 2000, after which, the proportion doing so nearly tripled to 50% by the end of the time frame.
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Some people say history is one of the most important school subjects. Other people think that, in today’s world, subjects like science and technology are more important than history. Discuss both these views and give your opinion.
Opinions are divided on whether history is one of the most crucial subjects in the school curriculum or whether STEM subjects are more important than it. I believe that the former subject is essential, but the latter ones are more critical.
I think that history should be a compulsory subject as it gives students many benefits. The first one is that students could acquire profound knowledge about the sacrifices of their forefathers to fight and defend their country, thus fostering patriotism. As a result, history learners would be more willing to protect their country and contribute to its long-term sustainable development. Beyond that, the history curriculum in many schools also covers world history, equipping students with an understanding of other countries’ histories. This could help strengthen international relationships, as one would know to avoid certain sensitive topics. For example, knowledge about Japanese imperialism during World War II could prevent misunderstandings in communications between Japanese, Chinese, and Korean business partners, as the latter two countries were victims of Japanese invasions.
I believe knowledge related to STEM subjects plays a more crucial role in today’s society. One reason is that it is much easier to find a job in professions that require a strong foundation in maths and science. This is because many fields today demand that applicants can work with advanced technology, while history majors can only find work in museums or in academic settings. Another advantage is that a workforce equipped with STEM knowledge could facilitate more new inventions and innovations. This could give countries a competitive advantage over other nations, as advanced technology boosts overall productivity, and thus helps develop the economy faster.
In conclusion, while I agree that both history and STEM subjects are important, the latter subjects provide more benefits in today’s world, for reasons related to increasing employability and developing the economy.
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Experts say if the elderly spend time and get along with others and exercise every day, they will be healthier and happier. However, many elderly people are suffering from loneliness and lack of fitness. Discuss the causes and solutions?
Despite many experts advising that regular physical activity and social interactions are beneficial to the elderly, many senior citizens are facing lonliness and are leading sendentary lifestyles. There are many reasons for these phenomena, which require timely action from the government to tackle.
The issues of loneliness and insufficient physical activity stem from multiple factors. First, young adults tend to move away and leave their retired parents by themselves in order to pursue their careers and start their own family. This, in addition to the busy schedules of many working people today, leads to little contact between the young and the old, thus straining the family bonds. Regarding physical fitness, as people age, their ability to do exercise diminishes as doing so can cause them injuries or worse. This is made worse by the lack of facilities catering to their needs, leading many older residents to neglect exercising.
However, there are some measures that can be taken to tackle these problems for the elderly. One solution is that the government should implement policies that limit working hours or even the workweek so that employees would have more time to visit their families. This would help increase interactions between family members, thus strengthening the family bonds, and help older people feel loved. Another solution would be for the authorities to invest more money and resources in fitness programs and spaces dedicated to the elderly. They should also collaborate with the private sector in order to ensure that there are enough facilities, and that such places are affordable and accessible for all.
In conclusion, elderly people’s lack of social interaction and exercise is / are the result of the modern lifestyle and the shortage of facilities especially for them. However, these challenges can be overcome by policies to reduce working hours and investments in exercise facilities for the elderly.
The plans below show a student common room five years ago and the common room now. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The maps give information about a student common room as it appeared five years ago, and how it looks now.
Overall, this room has undergone changes in terms of facilities such as a new drinks machine, a television, and a place for students to use their laptops. In addition, there are now fewer tables.
Looking to the left side of the entrance, the amenities along the wall, namely a sink, a cupboard, two benches, a microwave, and a refrigerator, have remained unchanged over the past five years. However, one of the benches has been replaced with a microwave, and a new drinks machine has been added next to the refrigerator. Furthermore, five years ago, there used to be four circular tables with six chairs each in the room. Currently, the table next to the entrance has been replaced by a rectangular one with eight seats.
Regarding the remaining areas of the common room, a bench for laptop users has replaced one of the tables and chairs, which were located further in the room. The area in the far-right corner of the room, where a bookshelf used to be, has been renovated to have three new armchairs and a television.
The maps show a road system as it is now and the proposed changes in the future to reduce the number of accidents. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
The maps give information about future changes that are proposed to a road system to improve driver safety.
Overall, the proposed changes will include the restructuring of City Road and the construction of traffic solutions, such as new traffic lights and a roundabout.
Looking first at the northwestern side, the intersection between City Road and Low Lane, where accidents happen frequently, will be controlled by traffic lights, intended to make access to the school safer. Furthermore, City Road will be straightened to eliminate its sharp bends. At the south end of Low Lane, the current bottleneck is expected to be widened to increase the safety of residents living on both sides of the lane, which is currently at risk due to the high frequency of traffic accidents there.
Regarding the remaining areas of the road system, a roundabout will be constructed where City Road and Forest Road intersect to better regulate the flow of traffic. Finally, shoppers in the future will be able to access the supermarket from a new road branching off the roundabout, instead of the current accident—prone route from City Road.
The graphs below show the total percentage of films released and the total percentage of ticket sales in 1996 and 2006 in a country. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.
The bar charts give information about the percentage of film releases by genre and their corresponding proportion of ticket sales in cinemas in 1996 and 2000.
Overall, there was an increase in the percentage of films released and ticket sales among all genres, with the exception of romance, whose figures in terms of film production witnessed no change but ticket sales declined. In addition, both drama and comedy were dominant in terms of film releases and popularity.
Looking at film releases in more detail, in 1996, 27% of all films made this year were dramas, while the figure for comedies stood at 20%. In 2000, the former genre held its position as the most produced one, with its figure rising to 35%, while comedies followed closely with 25% of releases. Regarding the remaining genres, the proportion of fantasy movies was double that of romances in 1996, at 12% and 6% respectively. After four years, the former genre experienced a moderate rise to 16% while the latter saw no change.
In terms of the box office performance, in the first year, dramas and comedies were the most popular types of films, with respective figures of 16% and 20%. In 2000, ticket sales for both genres increased by around 2%. Next, in 1996, 5% of ticket sales came from romance movies, 2% higher than that of fantasy ones. Thereafter, while the percentage of box office revenue from the former genre decreased to 2%, that of the latter more than doubled to 7% in 2000.
The table shows the cost of water in 5 cities in Australia. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features.
The table gives information about the average bill and rates paid by Australian households in five different cities for water usage, categorized into two thresholds, under and over 125 KL.
Overall, water prices per kiloliter are more expensive when households exceed 125KL. In addition, Sydney charges the highest rate for water usage under 125 KL, while Perth charges the most for water usage over 125 KL. Moreover, households in Perth have the highest average bills among all cities.
Beginning with bills below the threshold, Sydney residents pay $0.98 per KL, followed by those in Brisbane and Melbourne, at $0.81 and $0.78 respectively, which are roughly double the price per KL in Adelaide and Perth, at $0.42. For consumption over 125 KL, Melbourne’s and Sydney’s rates are fixed, while Brisbane sees only a slight increase of $0.03 per KL. By contrast, there are significant price hikes in Adelaide and Perth, with prices more than doubling to $1.00 in the former city and almost quadrupling to $1.50 in the latter one.
Regarding the average bills in all cities, the average household in Perth and Sydney pay the most, at $332 and $312 respectively. They are followed by households in Adelaide and Brisbane, who pay around $310. Finally, Melbourne households have the lowest bill on average, at $253.
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The three pie charts below show the changes in annual spending by a particular UK school in 1981, 1991 and 2001.
The pie charts give information about the percentage of a UK school’s annual budget spent on five different categories in 1981, 1991, and 2001.
Overall, spending shifted towards insurance, teachers’ salaries, and furniture and equipment, away from the remaining categories. In addition, the majority of the budget was spent on salaries in all three years, with teachers receiving the largest share.
Regarding the salaries, in 1981, this UK school spent 40% of its budget on teachers’ salaries, and after 10 years, the percentage rose to 50% before falling back to 45% in 2001. Meanwhile, spending on other workers’ salaries accounted for 12% less compared to teachers’ salaries in the first year. Thereafter, the figures for this category halved to 15% in 2001.
With regard to the remaining categories, at the start of the period, a similar percentage of the budget was allocated to furniture and equipment and resources such as books, at 15%. In the following years, expenditure on furniture and equipment fell to 5% in 1991, after which it increased nearly fivefold (to 23%) at the end of the period. By contrast, resources such as books followed the opposite trend, as their figures grew to 20% after 10 years and then dropped to 9% in 2001. Finally, the percentage of the budget spent on insurance rose from 2% in 1981 to 8% in 2001.
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The graph below gives information on the numbers of participants for different activities at one social center in Melbourne, Australia for the period 2000 to 2020.
The line graph shows how many people took part in different activities at a particular social center in Melbourne, Australia from 2000 to 2020.
Overall, the film club attracted the most people in this social center over the entire period. The percentage of people taking part in musical performances and table tennis rose while amateur dramatics saw a decrease in participation. Meanwhile, the film club and martial arts experienced little change in popularity.
Looking at the chart in more detail, in 2000, just over 60% of people in this social center took part in the film club while only around 40% did martial arts. In the following years, film club participation saw very little change, finishing the period at 65%. Likewise, the figures for martial arts also underwent very few changes, ending up at their initial value of just under 40%.
Regarding the remaining activities, table tennis players accounted for about 20% of all participants of the social club, while nobody took part in musical performances at the start of the period. Thereafter, the percentage of people playing table tennis remained relatively stable until 2010 when it started to surge, reaching 55% by the end of the time frame. Similarly, there were no changes in the percentage of people joining in musical performances for the first five years of the period before also increasing, but to a lesser extent, and finishing the period at 20%. Finally, the popularity of amateur dramatics slightly rose from 27% to 30% between 2000 and 2005, which was followed by steady decline to just 10% in 2020.
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